Dialysis

Each human have 2 kidney. These are responsible for removing the waste products like(urea, creatinine, excessive subsists  sodium, potassium), case of poisoning etc. Whenever the kidney does not perform these functions its the condition of kidney damage. There you have treat medically or transplant the kidney. Having a kidney transplant is not a easy thing, it need a huge money, a donor who exactly match you. So for the certain period the blood can be purified by a artificial method known as Dialysis.

Dialysis is a treatment that does some of the things by a healthy kidney. It is needed when your own kidneys can no longer take care of your body's needs dialysis. It self is not actually a cure for kidney failure. It is just the process of cleaning the blood.

What does dialysis do?

Dialysis keeps body balance by:-

• removing waste, salt and extra water to prevent them from building up in the body.
• keeping a safe level of certain chemicals in your blood such as potassium, sodium and bicarbonate.
• helping to control blood pressure.

Types of Dialysis

• Hemo dialysis

It removes nitrogenous waste products excess fluids and electrolytes from the blood by means artificial kidney. Nearly 90% of all dialysis patients receive Hemodialysis .

It can be done at home or at health center while doing at center a trained technicians perform the treatment while doing in home, usually a family member or a friend can do but need a special training , Usually it is done 3 times a week about 2-4 hours. Patient can sleep, read, write, talk or watch TV.

• Peritoneal Dialysis

It removes nitrogenous waste products excess fluid and electrolytes from the body by means Peritoneal Cavity or membrane.>

There are normally 2 types of Peritoneal Dialysis

1. CAPD = Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

It can be done through out the day, at home or at work, while the person goes about his or her daily life  between 1.5 and 3 liters of fluid is run in four times a day exchanging for the fluid from the previous exchange. This takes about 30-40 minutes.You don't need a machine, you just need a gravity to fill and empty your abdomen.

2. APD = Automated Peritoneal Dialysis

In this dialysis the dialysate solution is changed by a machine at night while you are sleeping. The machine will exchange 8-12 liters over 8-10 hours and then leave 1-2 liters to well during the day. A cycle r performs four to five exchanges overnight during sleep.

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Rehabilitation

The word Rehabilitation has been defined as "the combined and co-ordinate use of medical, social educational and vocational measures for training and retraining the individual to the highest possible level of functional integrity. " This is the process by which a person returns to a maximally functionary role in the society following an illness, accident on other disabling events.

It provides disabled people with the tools they need to attain independence and self-determination. Here the word disable can be term t disability which is cause by impairments to various subsystems of body. It can be both physical disability, sensory disability, hearing and visual balance impairment, intellectual disability, mental health and emotional disability, development disability etc. Disability are 3 types, they are:-

• Temporary

Expected to return. Eg:- fracture of leg

•  Permanent

has to adjust by why other non affected parts. Eg:- imputation.

• Progressive  

Gradual loss of function with on increase in limitation in the more serve form just eg. contrature in case of burn.

There are 3 main role of rehabilitation which are

• To restore potential functional

The restore of potential function depends up to the attitude of the client. The person most have positive attitude because negative attitude may lead to handicap. The handicap individual restricts the movements of hands and legs which leads to difficulties to carry out the daily activities. The people  who are blind , who have loss a part of body  of paralyzed can also use other senses, mechanical devices or prosthesis to cure for themselves, Exercise should be tough so that it increases strength and co-ordination helps to get into their daily life.

• To maximize existing capabilities

It is done to the people whose some parts or body are still functioning well. Do not waste your time for grieving for the lost part but use this time to develop your skill and try to become self reliance that would make you to lead a normal daily file.

• To present deterioration   

It will also help to prevent further disability. Daily the body parts are kept active position by exercise. It will prevent the disuse and misuse syndrome.

Services offered during the Rehabilitation process are

• Physical Therapy

It helps people restore the use of muscle, bones and nervous system through the use of head, cold, massage, whirl pool, baths, ultrasound etc.It helps to relieve pain, improve strength, train the people to perform important tasks.

• Occupational Therapy

This will help them to restore their old skills, teach them to adjust now skills. They also helps them  by assisting them in walking cortical limbs, getting around without walking etc.

• Speech Therapy

It helps to correct speech disorders or restores speech mostly used for brain injury, cancer, stroke etc. It helps to strengthen muscles, the patient might be asked to say words, smile, close his mouth or stick out his tongue. Tought to communicate,remember the vocabulary, reading etc.

• Orthopedics and Prosthetic

The are devices used internally or externally and replaces the lost part or functions. Example:- an artificial leg and hand is used whereas a caliper or Bronson theorist used.

• Physical Therapy

This is aimed to restore the personal dignity and confidence , It is done by therapeutic interaction, experiential relationship, improving mental health or a client or patient. It can be dine by school counselling, marriage and family therapy , mental health counselling, music therapy, art therapy, drama therapy, dance therapy etc.

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STRESS

We all face different challenges and obstacles and sometimes the pressure is hard to handle. In small doses, stress can be a good things.It can give you

Stress ball

the push you need, motivation to do your best. But when it exceed to the demand it is a threat to both physiologically and psychologically. It is also can be the measure cause of illness like :- insomnia, depression, substance, abuse etc.

Stress is of two types, one that is called “Eu-stress” or “Good Stress” and the other is “Distress” or “Negative Stress”. Eu stress gives us motivation, strength, makes us exciting, improve our performance and gives energy like :-marriage, buying a new house, promotion, coming first in class, starting a new job etc. as on other hand “Distress” gives us kind of suffering, negative motivation, decreases our work performance, leads to mental and physical problems, decrease coping abilities etc.Examples like:- divorce, death of an important family member, hospitalization, money problem, legal problem, unemployment, loss of any body part due to accident, incurable diseases etc.

When people have stress they will have memory problems, depression, get irritable to quickly, lack of confidence, confusion, feels isolation, losing temper, high blood pressure, sleep disturbances. Yes, it is true to much stress will also lead to severe disease conditions and so the physical symptoms.
Stress can simply overcome by following some steps:

·         Meditation

It helps to focus attention. Due to this flow of thought can be controlled.

·         Imaginary

It is the internal experience of memories, dreams, vision, that connet the body, mind and spirit.

·         Yoga

It is a discipline that focuses on muscles, posture, breathing and consciousness. It gives mental and physical well being.

·         Journal Writing

It is a writing the private/ personal words that is difficult to share with others.

·         Stress reduction programme

It is identifying the problem and solving as quickly as you can.

·         Time management

Management of time will also reduce the stress. It will help you buy planning the work to be done with time.

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